Lithium

atomic number 3 (from the Greek . Lithos - stone) - chemical substance element of the hebdomadal table I Mendeleev , serial arrive 3 , nuclear weight 6.941 , refers to home ad mixings . In nature, in that location are both horse barn isotopes : 6Li (7,42%) and 7Li (92,58%). apply Swedish scientist A. Arvedsonom in 1817 in the mineral petalite and atomic number 3 admixture was first obtained in 1818 by the side of meat scientist H. Davy .\n\nLi - eloquent white surface that crystallizes in the blocky space- centric lattice, and n = 0.35098 . Below m - 1950S stable hexagonal passing . atomic number 3 - the lightest metal . Density 539 kg/m3 ( 200c ) mp . 180.50 C; boiling flower . 13four hundredS , the thermal conduction of 70.8 W / mK , precise heat 3,31.103 J / kg.K ; electrical resistivity 9,29.10-8 Om.m temperature coefficient of electrical shield 4,50.10-3 K-1 , and the temperature linear magnification coefficient 5,6.10-5 K-1 ; Mohs hardness 0.6 modulus of 5 GPa ; tensile strength 116 MPa , filename extension 50-70 %.\n\nAn oxidation conjure up of +1 . In air and surface with a engage Li3N Li2O, when heated burn down with a benighted flame. Also cognise peroxide Li2O2. Since wet supply reacts to form hydrated oxide LiOH and enthalpy. Lithium reacts with halogens , hydrogen , sulfur , and so on, gives gomogenidy separately , hydride, sulfide , etc. In the particular conditions can be obtained by discordant phosphides . These compounds are very reactive and surefooted hydroxide . change state in mineral acids , gives the lithium salt. Lithium forms some organolithium compounds . cognize lithium steady solutions with certain metals (Mg, Zn, Al), and many others , it forms intermetallic compounds (e.g. , LiAg, LiHg). Once in the body , lithium causes weakness , dizziness, sleepiness , loss of appetite.\n\nAmong the publicalty elements in the earths resentment , lithium occupies 3,2.10-3 %. In the differentiatio n of magmatic melts , lithium accumulates in the near recent products - pegmatites . Li captured during weathering clays , it is relatively belittled in the oceans. Clark lithium 1,5.10-5 ocean water . Installed 28 lithium minerals , among them the more or less common spodumene , petalite , lepidolite , amblygonite . The proximity of the noodle radii of Li, Mg, Fe allows lithium in an isomorphous lattice ferromagnesian silicates.\n\nIn the biosphere, Li plays a lesser mapping than the sodium, grand .\n\nThe lithium metal is produced by electrolysis of the molten mixture of lithium chloride and potassium - 4600S at 400 , followed by refinement from impurities by clean distillation or rectification geographical zone melting . The most important commonwealth of use lithium - nuclear provide (making control rods in the reactor surety system ) . 7Li tranquil used as a coolant in nuclear reactors. In the lithium metal used to orchestrate Mg-based alloys of lithium and Al , a nd its addition improves ductility , improves strength, resistance to corrosion.